SEJARAH PENULISAN AL-QUR’AN SERTA PENGUMPULANNYA DALAM 2 MASA RASULULLAH SAW & KHULAFAUL-RASYIDIN

SEJARAH PENULISAN AL-QUR’AN SERTA PENGUMPULANNYA DALAM 2 MASA RASULULLAH SAW & KHULAFAUL-RASYIDIN

 

Salwa Padila

email: salwapadila84@gmail.com

nim: 862082022042

Program Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam IAIN Bone

Abstrak

Menelusuri sejarah proses penulisan dan pengumpulan Al-Qur’an selama dua masa Rasulullah Saw sampai masa Khulafaur Rasyidin dan juga menyoroti peran para sahabat dalam mengumpulkan dan melestarikan teks al-Qur’an. Melalui analisis terhadap sumber-sumber sejarah dan literatur klasik. Pada masa  Rasulullah Saw, pengumpulan Al-Qur’an disebut tahap prakodifikasi (qabi' 'ashr at-tadwin).  Pada masa Rasulullah Saw, tulisan-tulisan pada ayat Al-Qur’an tidak dituliskan dalam kitab, tapi dihafal dengan hafalan. Selain itu, pada masa kepemimpinan Abu Bakar, Umar bin Khattab, Utsman bin Affan, dan Ali bin Abi Thalib. Pada masa khalifah Abu Bakar, semua tulisan atau catatan Alquran yang tersebar di kulit binatang, tulang, dan pelepah kurma telah dihapus, kemudian dikumpulkan dalam satu naskah.  Pada masa khalifah Umar bin Khattab, beliau mengutus sahabat-sahabatnya yang menguasai Al-Qur’an ke daerah-daerah daulah Islam baru yang berhasil dikuasai.  Selama waktu khalifah Utsman bin Affan, menentukan bacaan Al-Qur’an menurut kepada qira'at suku Quraisy.  Selanjutnya pada masa khalifah Ali bin Abi Thalib, penyempurnaan dilakukan dengan menambahkan keagungan dan tanda-tanda baca dalam Al- Qur’an. Dengan mendalami periode ini, diharapkan dapat lebih memahami konteks sejarah dan perjalanan awal Al-Qur’an.

Kata Kunci: Sejarah Penulisan, Pembukuan, Al-Quran

Abstract

Tracing the history of the process of writing and collecting the Quran during the two times of the Prophet (peace be upon him) until the time of Khulafaur Rasyidin and also highlighting the role of the Companions in collecting and preserving the text of the Quran. Through analysis of historical sources and classical literature. At the time of the Prophet (peace be upon him), the collection of the Quran was called the precodification stage (qabi' 'ashr at-tadwin). At the time of the Prophet (peace be upon him), the writings on the verses of the Quran were not written in books, but memorized by rote. In addition, during the leadership of Abu Bakr, Umar bin Khattab, Uthman bin Affan, and Ali bin Abi Talib. During the time of the caliph Abu Bakr, all Qur'anic writings or records scattered on animal skins, bones, and date palm fronds were erased, then collected in one  manuscript. During the time of the caliph Umar ibn Khattab, he sent his companions who controlled the Quran to the areas of the new Islamic state that had been conquered. During the time of the caliph Uthman ibn Affan, determined the recitation of the Quran according to the qira'at of the Quraysh tribe. Furthermore, during the time of the caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib, refinement was carried out by adding majesty and punctuation marks in the Quran. By exploring this period, it is hoped that we can better understand the historical context and early journey of the Quran.

Keywords: History of writing, Bookkeping, the Koran